Unafraid to speculate, Ramachandran then moves a step closer toward indicating that the brain is not only a busy lump of genetically deemed-and-dying hard-wiring but an organ that can continuously ""re-map"" in response to new sensory information from the outside. In one experiment, stroking an amputee's cheek produces sensations in his ""phantom limb"" because the part of the brain's map that once related to the lost limb has ""invaded"" the adjacent brain area that relates to the cheek. In these unsettling tales from a neuroscientist every bit as quirky as the more famous Oliver Sacks, Ramachandran sets out his beliefs that no matter how bizarre the case, empirical, strikingly simple testing can illuminate the ways brain circuitry establishes ""self."" In a chatty, nearly avuncular style, he (along with his coauthor, a New York Times science writer) snatches territory from philosophers on how we think we know what we know.
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